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How the 45th Parliament's bills break down, and how long it has been sitting.

This Parliament

The 45th Parliament, 1st session, first sat on May 26, 2025.

1 year, 5 months and 10 days

528 days since it opened

Scheduled election
October 15, 2029
Time remaining
1,075 days

That is 2 years, 11 months and 10 days from today.

Canada's fixed-date law sets the next election for the third Monday in October of the fourth year after the last one. It is a target, not a promise: an election can come sooner if the House loses a confidence vote or the Prime Minister asks the Governor General to dissolve Parliament. No Parliament can run longer than five years.

What kind of bills are these?

Every bill in this Parliament by type. Government bills come from the cabinet. Private members' bills come from individual MPs who aren't in cabinet.

  • Government bills (House) 40 20%
  • Private members' bills 95 48%
  • Senate public bills 54 28%
  • Senate government bills 7 4%

Which parties do the bills come from?

House of Commons bills, by the party of the MP who introduced them.

All House bills

  • Liberal 58 43%
  • Conservative 42 31%
  • NDP 25 19%
  • Bloc Québécois 7 5%
  • Green Party 1 <1%
  • Unknown 2 1%

Private members' bills only

  • Conservative 42 44%
  • NDP 25 26%
  • Liberal 18 19%
  • Bloc Québécois 7 7%
  • Green Party 1 1%
  • Unknown 2 2%

Party is the sponsor's current party, so an MP who has switched parties is counted with their new one. "Unknown" means the sponsor is no longer in the House or Parliament's site did not name them. 61 bills started in the Senate and aren't counted here. Updated 2026-11-05 03:25.

Most active sponsors

  1. François-Philippe Champagne (Liberal) 8 bills
  2. Gord Johns (NDP) 8 bills
  3. Shafqat Ali (Liberal) 7 bills
  4. Don Davies (NDP) 6 bills
  5. Jenny Kwan (NDP) 6 bills
  6. Gary Anandasangaree (Liberal) 4 bills
  7. Sean Fraser (Liberal) 4 bills
  8. Heather McPherson (NDP) 3 bills

House or Senate: where do bills start?

Most bills start in the House of Commons, but either chamber can introduce them.

  • Started in the House of Commons 135 69%
  • Started in the Senate 61 31%
House bills that reached the Senate
36 of 135
Senate bills that reached the House
21 of 61
Passed third reading in the House
40
Passed third reading in the Senate
56

Where the bills stand

196 bills so far, grouped by what has happened to them.

  • Became law 33
  • In the House of Commons 56
  • In the Senate 40
  • Private members' bills awaiting a draw 53
  • Defeated or ended 14

How many make it into law?

Outcome by bill type. Many bills are still moving, so these rates will rise.

  • Private members' bills 95 bills
  • Senate public bills 54 bills
  • Government bills (House) 40 bills
  • Senate government bills 7 bills

Became law Defeated or ended Still alive

Type Total Law Ended Still alive
Private members' bills 95 3 (3%) 12 80
Senate public bills 54 4 (7%) 2 48
Government bills (House) 40 26 (65%) 0 14
Senate government bills 7 0 (0%) 0 7

When did bills become law?

Royal assents by month. On average a bill took 151 days from first reading to law.

  • Jun 2025 4
  • Jul 2025 0
  • Aug 2025 0
  • Sep 2025 0
  • Oct 2025 0
  • Nov 2025 2
  • Dec 2025 1
  • Jan 2026 0
  • Feb 2026 1
  • Mar 2026 5
  • Apr 2026 0
  • May 2026 2
  • Jun 2026 14
  • Jul 2026 0
  • Aug 2026 0
  • Sep 2026 0
  • Oct 2026 3

What are the bills about?

Sorted by keywords in each bill's title, so this is a rough guide. Bills fit one group only.

  • Justice and policing 44
  • Money and taxes 30
  • Health and safety 14
  • Elections and democracy 9
  • Work and business 9
  • Housing and cost of living 8
  • Immigration and citizenship 7
  • Environment and energy 5
  • Technology and media 5
  • Defence and security 5
  • Transport and infrastructure 4
  • Indigenous affairs 1
  • Other 55

Introduced in the last 30 days

10 new bills; the newest 8 are listed.